Input Your Message
📌 Note
For demonstration purposes, input is limited to 55 characters (440 bits) to fit within a single 512-bit block. SHA-224 can handle much larger inputs in practice.
Interactive Visualization
Step 1: Input Message
What's happening:
Your input message is converted to bytes. Each character becomes its UTF-8 byte representation.
🎉 SHA-224 Hash Complete!
The final hash is produced by adding the working variables to the initial hash values and taking the first 224 bits (7 words) of the result.
Understanding SHA-224
Message Padding
SHA-224 processes data in 512-bit blocks. Messages are padded with a '1' bit, zeros, and the message length to reach a multiple of 512 bits.
Message Schedule
Each 512-bit block is expanded into 64 32-bit words using a recurrence relation involving bitwise rotations and shifts.
Compression Function
64 rounds of mixing operations using logical functions (Ch, Maj), rotations (Σ₀, Σ₁), and additions with round constants.
Initial Hash Values
SHA-224 starts with specific initial values derived from the square roots of prime numbers (9th through 16th primes).
Round Constants
64 predefined constants (K) derived from the cube roots of the first 64 primes, used to ensure randomness.
Final Output
After processing all blocks, the first 224 bits (7 × 32-bit words) of the final hash values form the SHA-224 digest.
Bit Operations Reference
ROTR^n(x)
Right rotate: Circular right shift by n bits
SHR^n(x)
Right shift: Logical right shift by n bits
⊕ (XOR)
Exclusive OR: Bit is 1 if inputs differ
∧ (AND)
Logical AND: Bit is 1 if both inputs are 1
¬ (NOT)
Logical NOT: Inverts all bits
+ (ADD)
Modular addition: Add mod 2³²